Daily Water Requirement of Milking Cows and Buffaloes

How much water do milking cows need

Water is one of the most essential nutrients for dairy animals. For milking cows and buffaloes, clean and sufficient water intake directly affects milk production, animal health, digestion, and overall farm profitability. Many dairy farmers focus on feed quality but underestimate the importance of water. In this blog, we explain how much water a milking cow or buffalo needs daily, the factors affecting water requirement, and why proper hydration is crucial.

Daily Water Requirement of Milking Cows

A lactating (milk-giving) cow requires a large quantity of water every day.

Average Water Intake for Milking Cows:

• Normal cow: 60–70 liters per day

• High-yielding cow: 80–100 liters per day

• Summer season: Up to 120 liters per day

👉 On average, a cow needs 3 to 4 liters of water for every liter of milk produced.

Daily Water Requirement of Milking Buffaloes

Buffaloes have a larger body mass and higher water needs compared to cows, especially during peak lactation.

Average Water Intake for Milking Buffaloes:

• Normal buffalo: 70–90 liters per day

• High-yielding buffalo: 100–120 liters per day

• Hot and humid climate: 130 liters or more

Buffaloes also prefer cooler water and often consume more water after feeding and milking.

Factors Affecting Water Requirement in Dairy Animals

Several factors influence how much water a cow or buffalo needs:

1. Milk Production

Higher milk yield means higher water requirement. Milk contains nearly 87% water, so hydration directly impacts production.

2. Weather & Temperature

• Hot climate increases water loss through sweating and respiration.

• In summer, water intake may increase by 30–50%.

3. Type of Feed

• Dry fodder (hay, straw) → higher water need

• Green fodder (silage, grass) → lower water need

4. Body Weight & Age

Heavier and mature animals require more water than young or smaller animals.

5. Health Condition

Sick animals, especially those with fever, diarrhea, or metabolic disorders, need additional water.

Why Water Is So Important for Milking Cows and Buffaloes

1. Improves Milk Production

Insufficient water intake can reduce milk yield by 10–25% within a few days.

2. Aids Digestion & Feed Intake

Water helps in rumen fermentation and nutrient absorption.

3. Regulates Body Temperature

Proper hydration prevents heat stress, especially in buffaloes.

4. Prevents Diseases

Adequate water reduces the risk of:

• Constipation

• Urinary infections

• Ketosis

• Dehydration

5. Improves Reproductive Health

Well-hydrated animals show better heat cycles and fertility performance.

Best Practices for Providing Water to Dairy Animals

• Provide clean, fresh water 24/7

• Ensure water temperature is 10–20°C, if possible

• Allow animals to drink water:

  • Early morning

  • After feeding

  • After milking

• Clean water troughs daily

• Avoid salty or contaminated water

Signs of Water Deficiency in Cows and Buffaloes

• Reduced milk production

• Dry nose and mouth

• Loss of appetite

• Dark or reduced urine output

• Lethargy and weakness

If these signs appear, increase water availability immediately.